e-book+of+My+Story+of+World

e-book of my story of the world

**MIDDLE AGES MINI-CHAPTER** **FANASTIC JOB, ANDREW. GRADE IS 96. YOU LEFT OUT A CONCISE DEFINITION OF FEUDALISM AS BASED ON OWNERSHIP OF LAND AND SERVICE TO A LANDOWNER, AND IT SHOULD BE DENMARK OR SCANDINAVIA.** **YOU LEFT THE LAST TWO LETTERS IN DENMARK.** **GREAT JOB. HARD WORK ALMOST ALWAYS PAYS OFF. FROM NOW ON, I EXPECT TO SEE THIS HIGH QUALITY OF WORK FROM YOU FROM THE BEGINNING.**

**I AM PROUD OF YOU.** **MR. BASKIN** **1/10/12**

Middle Ages The Middle Ages were from A.D. 500 to the 1400’s. Charles Martel is the grandfather of “Charles the Great” who was the commander, who drove the Arabs out of the Merovingian kingdom of the Franks. Charles Martel’s grandson was Charlemagne, the greatest leader of the Franks. Charlemagne went around the southwestern part of Germany at the time and conquered kingdoms. Charlemagne had in relation to Roman Christianity that he was crowned the Roman Emperor. Charlemagne conquered western Germany and eastern France. The Pope wanted Charlemagne to restore the might of the old Roman Empire, so he crowned him the Roman Emperor to complete this mission.

Feudalism was a way to keep peace in Europe. Feudalism started around the year 800. It worked to help control Europe’s lands. The kings divided land into fiefs. Fiefs were land that powerful landowners gave to knights or nobles. In return for getting the land nobles pledged to give their king their loyalty, support in a war, and promised to keep the peace. Feudalism maintained peace and order, because of how it worked, it always worked the same way. Vassals were nobles who took an oath of loyalty to their lords. A lord was the landowner of the fief. The relationship between a lord and vassal was the vassal was very loyal to the lord. The Oath of Fealty was when a vassal swore loyalty to his lord. The Code of Chivalry was the code of conduct that knights believed they should follow. Knights were nobles who agreed to fight for a king or powerful landowner. The responsibilities of knights were to fight on horseback with armor. Serfs had the role to man the land that nobles got. The serfs had to harvest the crops and tend to the farm animals. They had to pay taxes in crops they harvested. A manor was a settlement, with a fortified house that belonged to the fief’s owner, which a serf lived in. A manor would usually have a church too that serfs could go to.

The Norse were northern raiders that came from Denma. The Duke of Normandy crossed the English Channel with about 5,000 Norse in 1066. William defeated Harold, the Saxon king of England. William was known by William the Conqueror. Changes that were made by William and his tribe include a stronger government in England, French culture was brought, and the new languages were Norman and Saxon.

King John was the King of England. King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta, because everyone wanted fewer taxes but he wanted more taxes to pay for wars. The Magna Carta was an important document, because it established legal rights. It gave a standard good way to settle legal issues.

The primary religion in the middle ages was the Roman Catholic Church. Monks were people who lived in the monasteries where they dedicated their lives to God. Monks worshiped the Roman Catholic Church in their time. A monastery was a farm, a church, a home, and a school all in one area. Monks had to write manuscripts for people in the monasteries. Manuscripts were copied in the scriptorium of the monastery by monks. Monks would copy prayers and poetry on to scrolls. Convents were a home for nuns. There were many female saints who wanted to help the poor. Nuns were and still are comparisons to monks or today, priests, but they were females instead. A cathedral was a large Christian church where religion was practiced.

The Crusades were a series of wars that were fought to take the Holy Land. Crusaders were the defenders of Jerusalem that battled with the Muslims. The Reconquista was a long war fought by Christian army to recapture Spain.

Craftsmen were tailors, shoemakers, drapers, bakers, locksmiths, painters, joiners, stonemasons, or master builders they belonged to an association called a guild. They did a trade only in their mastery. If you were an apprentice you were expected to help your merchant do trades. A journeyman craftsman was a craftsman who went to other towns to do trades. The relation between a journeyman and an apprentice is they both had to respect each other. You became a master craftsman after spending time as an apprentice, than you became a journeyman who traveled, and finally when you become well known for your craft. When you are a journeyman you could spend years in a different city. A guild is an association that a merchant or artisan would join. The Guild would maintain standards and protect its’ members.

The Black Death was an epidemic caused by bacteria spread by rats and flies. It first struck Europe in 1348. It wiped out one-third (30,000,000 people) of Europe’s population at the time.

**Mr.Baskin on 1/11/12**
Renaissance The word renaissance means to be reborn. It means the rebirth it goes back to 1400. Florence is so rich and had a lot of good craftsman. The role the people of Florence had in making it a rich city is that when Lorenzo Medici became powerful he made it richer. Humanism is the concern for human insights and values. A supporter is a patron who supports an artist or craftsman work. Leonardo DaVinci was a famous artist and he made magnolia inventing. Perspective is how things are arranged in a painting to show their relationship. Perpective can make a painting appear three dimensional. DaVinci was a great artist, one of his best sculptures was David. Reform means to remake. Reformation means to reform or a movement of a church. They were called Protestants because they protested against the church. Martin Luther got banded from being a monk. The indulgence was a way for the church to get money from the people. The Church scared people into believing that if they didn’t buy their dead relatives an indulgence or pay for forgiveness for their sins, then the relatives would not go to heaven and God would be mad. Luther invented movable type. The reason the King broke away from the Pope is because the church did not allow divorce. The King wanted to divorce his wife. He got more powerful and richer by taking the church’s land and the money. Queen Elizabeth was the Queen of England and she led her army into a quick victory over the Spanish. Shakespeare was a poet, actor, and a play writer. He wrote 37 plays and 154 poems. **Andrew:** **Ren. and Ref. data/info. need to be put into essay form. Unacceptable as is. Please finish before Thursday.** **Mr. B.**

Andrew-- About one-half of the information is missing from your Middle Ages essay. I have copied the fill-in-the-blank here. I'd like for you to fix this/complete this before we return to school on Monday. This information appears on your wiki on the e-book page and it has also been e-mailed to you. Your current grade is a 50. Please use the fill-in-the-blank version. Go for a 100.

Yours,

Mr. Baskin

Middle ages “First of all, I’d like to say here the fact that I am naturally a craftsman has made me work very hard.” Said craftsman Beatrice Wood. I think this means that he thinks he was born a craftsman and it was naturally his talent in life. This was a great quote, because one thing we will be talking about is craftsmen in the Middle Ages. Other things we will talk about are early Middle Ages, middle Ages government, and middle ages religion. So, let’s get started! The first thing I will talk about is early middle Ages, early Middle Ages include the story of Charlemagne, and the dates of the Middle Ages. The approximate dates of the Middle Ages were from A.D. 500 to the 1400s. The story of Charlemagne is very complicated, it all started with the grandfather of Charlemagne, Charles Martel. What did Charlemagne do? He was the commander that drove the Arabs out of the Merovingian kingdom of the Franks. Charlemagne was also the Roman Emperor not only commander who drove the Arabs out the pope crowned him. There is a bad side to Charlemagne tough he was a conqueror of Western Germany and eastern France. This paragraph is about the knights, Norse, lord, fiefs, and vassals. The vassals were nobles who took an oath of loyalty to their lords. Knights were protector of the castle and the kings. The Norse was Vikings and they were known for attacking villages. The lords were the kings and they would have protectors so they can. The fiefs were the most powerful landowners on the land. Those are the people in middle ages. That is my middle ages essay. In my essay I talked about the Norse the knights the lords fiefs and the vassals. This essay was about middle ages we had stuff like religion people and early middle ages and that was my essay. mr baskin i finished my middle ages and my renashons. i went for 100